{"id":1150,"date":"2026-03-27T16:37:54","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T16:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/cn\/class-diagram-components-guide-beginners\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T16:37:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T16:37:54","slug":"class-diagram-components-guide-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/cn\/class-diagram-components-guide-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7c7b\u56fe\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89c4\u5212\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff08UML\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u56fe\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u7c7b\u56fe\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u4e14\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6307\u5357\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7c7b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u9075\u5faa\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Cartoon infographic explaining UML class diagram components for beginners: class box structure with name\/attributes\/methods, visibility modifiers (public\/private\/protected\/package), relationship types (association, aggregation, composition, inheritance, dependency), multiplicity notation, and best practices for object-oriented design\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/class-diagram-components-beginners-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7c7b\u56fe\uff1f \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7c7b\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0e\u5c55\u793a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7c7b\u56fe\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982 Java\u3001C++ \u548c Python\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u6587\u6863\u5316\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u65e0\u9700\u770b\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u6216\u7535\u8def\u5e03\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u623f\u95f4\u548c\u5899\u58c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7c7b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u623f\u95f4\u201d\uff08\u7c7b\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7c7b\u6846\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6 \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n<p>\u7c7b\u56fe\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7c7b\u6846\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u7c7b\u540d\uff08\u9876\u90e8\u533a\u57df\uff09 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u9876\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u5728\u6b64\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5<\/strong>\u6765\u547d\u540d\u7c7b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>UserAccount<\/code>, <code>PaymentProcessor<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\uff1a<\/strong> \u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u552f\u4e00\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u540d\u79f0\u5728\u5305\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ee5\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/strong> \u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u8868\u793a\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCustomer\u3001Order\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\uff09 \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><code>\u53ef\u89c1\u6027 \u540d\u79f0 : \u7c7b\u578b = \u521d\u59cb\u503c<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u4e49\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u540d\u79f0\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cString\u3001Integer\u3001Boolean\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff1a<\/strong> \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u53ef\u9009\u5206\u914d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em> <code>- \u4f59\u989d : double = 0.00<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>3. \u64cd\u4f5c\/\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5e95\u90e8\u533a\u57df\uff09 \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e95\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><code>\u53ef\u89c1\u6027 \u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u53c2\u6570\uff09 : \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u64cd\u4f5c\u540d\u79f0\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>calculateTotal<\/code>, <code>login<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> \u6267\u884c\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em> <code>+ \u5b58\u6b3e(\u91d1\u989d : double) : void<\/code><\/p>\n<h2>\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u4fee\u9970\u7b26 \ud83d\udd12<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56fe\u793a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u516c\u5171 (+):<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u79c1\u6709 (-):<\/strong> \u4ec5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4 (#):<\/strong> \u5728\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u7c7b\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09\u4e2d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5305 (~):<\/strong> \u4ec5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6216\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u66b4\u9732\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7406\u89e3\u5173\u7cfb \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n<p> \u7c7b\u5f88\u5c11\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u6761\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51c6\u786e\u5efa\u6a21\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u5173\u8054 \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n<p>\u5173\u8054\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/strong> \u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\uff08\u8c01\u4e86\u89e3\u8c01\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u6559\u5e08<\/code> \u6559\u6388\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u5b66\u751f<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u805a\u5408 \ud83d\udfe2<\/h3>\n<p>\u805a\u5408\u662f\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62\uff1a<\/strong> \u653e\u5728\u8fde\u7ebf\u7684\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u6574\u4f53\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a <code> \u90e8\u95e8<\/code> \u62e5\u6709 <code> \u5458\u5de5<\/code> \u5982\u679c\u90e8\u95e8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. \u7ec4\u5408 \ud83d\udfe6<\/h3>\n<p>\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u805a\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u6cd5\u8131\u79bb\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62\uff1a<\/strong> \u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8fde\u7ebf\u7684\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u6574\u4f53\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a <code> \u623f\u5c4b<\/code> \u62e5\u6709 <code> \u623f\u95f4<\/code> \u5982\u679c\u623f\u5c4b\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. \u6cdb\u5316\uff08\u7ee7\u627f\uff09 \ud83d\udcc9<\/h3>\n<p>\u6cdb\u5316\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u662f-\u4e00\u79cd\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ece\u7236\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u5fc3\u4e09\u89d2\u7bad\u5934\uff1a<\/strong> \u7bad\u5934\u4ece\u5b50\u7c7b\u6307\u5411\u7236\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u548c\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a <code> \u6c7d\u8f66<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd <code> \u8f66\u8f86<\/code> \u3002\u4e00\u4e2a <code> \u8f7f\u8f66<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u6c7d\u8f66<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. \u4f9d\u8d56 \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f9d\u8d56\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4ec5\u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u4f9d\u8d56\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ece\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u6307\u5411\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u4e34\u65f6\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u62a5\u544a\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/code> \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6c38\u4e45\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/th>\n<th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<th>\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5173\u8054<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u7ebf<\/td>\n<td>\u7ed3\u6784\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n<td>\u72ec\u7acb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u805a\u5408<\/td>\n<td>\u7a7a\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62<\/td>\n<td>\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5f31\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u72ec\u7acb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ec4\u5408<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62<\/td>\n<td>\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5f3a\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\n<td>\u4e09\u89d2\u7bad\u5934<\/td>\n<td>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n<td>\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n<td>\u4e34\u65f6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u548c\u57fa\u6570 \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n<p>\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u7ebf\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u9644\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1:<\/strong>\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>0..1:<\/strong>\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>1..*:<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u5fc5\u9700\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>0..*:<\/strong>\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u53ef\u9009\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>n\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong> \u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u4e66<\/code>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff08<code>1..*<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u53ea\u80fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08<code>1<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a0..1\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8981\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u88ab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7c7b\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u677f\u6216\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5<em>\u659c\u4f53<\/em>\u6216\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57<code>{abstract}<\/code>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u65e0\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u5173\u952e\u5b57<code>{interface}<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\u6846\u6216\u6784\u9020\u578b\u56fe\u6807\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u591a\u6001\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u56fe\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u7528\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\u5efa\u6a21\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u5305\u542b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a<\/strong> \u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528<code>\u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5<\/code>\u6765\u547d\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5904\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u968f\u7740\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u4e5f\u5e94\u968f\u4e4b\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u8868\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u660e\u667a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed8\u56fe\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u81ea\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8981\u907f\u514d \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9677\u9631\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91cd\u6784\u65f6\u8282\u7701\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6df7\u6dc6\u805a\u5408\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u90e8\u5206\u968f\u7740\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u800c\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u6df1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\uff08\u7956\u7236 -&gt; \u7236\u4eb2 -&gt; \u513f\u5b50 -&gt; \u5b69\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u50f5\u786c\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ffd\u7565\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fd8\u8bb0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/strong> \u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7bA\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7bB\uff0c\u800c\u7c7bB\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7bA\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f7f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ece\u56fe\u8868\u5230\u4ee3\u7801 \ud83d\udcbb<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u89c6\u89c9\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong> 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