{"id":1016,"date":"2026-02-27T12:11:56","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T12:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/understanding-data-flow-diagrams-key-concepts-and-practical-tips\/"},"modified":"2026-02-27T12:11:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T12:11:56","slug":"understanding-data-flow-diagrams-key-concepts-and-practical-tips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/understanding-data-flow-diagrams-key-concepts-and-practical-tips\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"group flex w-full gap-3\" id=\"fcd58451-66ef-42a7-8b29-34589d920875\">\n<div class=\"flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col overflow-x-auto\" dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"prose select-text gap-1 overflow-x-visible text-wrap break-words font-normal dark:prose-invert prose-p:whitespace-break-spaces prose-code:m-0 prose-code:whitespace-break-spaces prose-pre:m-0 prose-pre:w-full prose-pre:bg-[#1e1e1e] prose-pre:p-0 dark:prose-pre:bg-secondary-50 py-0.5 max-w-full\">\n<p dir=\"auto\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho DFD, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi DFD hay \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd trang b\u1ecb cho b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng DFD m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p minh h\u1ecda b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD: Yourdon DeMarco, Gane &amp; Sarson, SSADM v\u00e0 Yourdon v\u00e0 Coad. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eebng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<h3>1. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Yourdon DeMarco<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u201d. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Gane &amp; Sarson<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yourdon DeMarco.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1.0) ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: D1).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u SSADM (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u201d, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Gane &amp; Sarson nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Gane &amp; Sarson.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Yourdon v\u00e0 Coad<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cEntiti,\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yourdon DeMarco v\u00e0 Gane &amp; Sarson.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh,\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yourdon DeMarco.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u201cKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u,\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yourdon DeMarco.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n<\/strong>: M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: Gane &amp; Sarson v\u00e0 SSADM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, trong khi Yourdon DeMarco v\u00e0 Yourdon v\u00e0 Coad s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: Gane &amp; Sarson bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng k\u00e8m s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu, trong khi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><img alt=\"DFD Using Yourdon and DeMarco Notation\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/servlet\/editor-content\/knowledge\/software-design\/dfd-using-yourdon-and-demarco\/sites\/7\/2020\/03\/dfd-notations-comparison.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">C\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u1eadn \u201c\u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u201cd\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201cOrder\u201d l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng \u201c\u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d cho quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c ghi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ghi \u201cd\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0o c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201cOrder\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201cOrder\u201d cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d g\u1eedi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"What is Data Flow Diagram?\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/dfd\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/02-dfd-process-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n (DFD) cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><img alt=\"Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Software\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-images.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/v13\/4\/dfd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: Entiti n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd<\/strong>: Entiti n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trung gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn)<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i)<\/strong>: Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng qua quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch<\/strong>: C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng (Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn))<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch (Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch)<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch (Chi ti\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd)<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng (\u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i))<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng do \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd cung c\u1ea5p khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0, 1, 2<\/strong>: Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh &#8220;\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn)&#8221;, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, quy tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin giao d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh &#8220;\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i)&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn hay qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/strong>: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh module<\/strong>: Chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c minh<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong>: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p cao (M\u1ee9c 0) v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n (M\u1ee9c 1, M\u1ee9c 2, v.v.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/strong>: Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: Ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, DFD gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Trong su\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 DFD, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c DFD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi DFD, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang khi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DFD, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"group flex w-full gap-3\" id=\"9109f40f-dc02-4812-a272-8e0684d23452\">\n<div class=\"flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col\">\n<div class=\"ml-auto flex w-fit min-w-0 max-w-full flex-col items-stretch justify-between gap-1 rounded-3xl bg-background-message px-5 py-2.5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col overflow-x-auto\" dir=\"auto\">\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 DFD<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Visual Paradigm \u2013 Stack Overflow<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm, bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Modeler ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o DFD.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/41533195\/visual-paradigm-data-flow-diagrams\">\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam tr\u00ean Stack Overflow<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/41533195\/visual-paradigm-data-flow-diagrams\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o DFD tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o DFD b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u00e9o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/a-step-by-step-guide-to-creating-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/\">Truy c\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/a-step-by-step-guide-to-creating-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2013 Visual Paradigm<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DFD trong Visual Paradigm, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/data-flow-diagram-tool\/\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DFD<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/data-flow-diagram-tool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a DFD, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\">Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-flow-diagram\/what-is-data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Visual Paradigm<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o DFD v\u1edbi Visual Paradigm, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/285\/2145_dataflowdiag.html\">\u0110\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/285\/2145_dataflowdiag.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd DFD, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/285\/2145\/56977_creatingdata.html\">H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd DFD<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/support\/documents\/vpuserguide\/285\/2145\/56977_creatingdata.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi Visual Paradigm: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o DFD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Visual Paradigm, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm-a-step-by-step-guide\/\">Truy c\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o DFD<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm-a-step-by-step-guide\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>M\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu DFD tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/templates\/data-flow-diagram\/\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu DFD<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/templates\/data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o DFD, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu v\u00e0 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/how-to-create-data-flow-diagram\/\">Theo d\u00f5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o DFD<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground fade-in hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/tutorials\/how-to-create-data-flow-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">10<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"auto\">C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e2ng cao.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1017,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/cdn-images.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/v13\/4\/dfd.png","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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