{"id":1084,"date":"2026-04-02T03:34:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T03:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/step-by-step-class-diagram-tutorial-15-minutes\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T03:34:58","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T03:34:58","slug":"step-by-step-class-diagram-tutorial-15-minutes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/step-by-step-class-diagram-tutorial-15-minutes\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp: T\u1eeb trang tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong 15 ph\u00fat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, lu\u1ed3ng logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

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\"Child's<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). B\u1ecf qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • L\u1edbp:<\/strong> \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
  • Thao t\u00e1c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m + cho c\u00f4ng khai, \u2013 cho ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 # cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean<\/code> ho\u1eb7c email<\/code>. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/code> ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    +<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng khai<\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u2013<\/td>\nRi\u00eang t\u01b0<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    #<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ~<\/td>\nG\u00f3i<\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 15 ph\u00fat \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf. Chia th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (0-5 ph\u00fat) \ud83e\udde0<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
    • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/code> ho\u1eb7c H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/code>tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • Gom c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code>, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>, v\u00e0 Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ghi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (5-10 ph\u00fat) \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n

      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec?\u201d Gi\u1eef danh s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Tr\u00e1nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> id<\/code>, t\u00ean<\/code>, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/code>, email<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong> sku<\/code>, gi\u00e1<\/code>, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/code>, kho<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> orderId<\/code>, ng\u00e0y<\/code>, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. H\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o?\u201d hay \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> placeOrder()<\/code>, updateProfile()<\/code>.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> calculateTotal()<\/code>, cancel()<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc truy c\u1eadp. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. C\u00f4ng khai c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng khai n\u1eb1m trong giao di\u1ec7n. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh module cao.<\/p>\n

          Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (10-15 ph\u00fat) \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

          Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sai s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>?<\/li>\n
          • Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> ch\u1ee9a S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code>?<\/li>\n
          • Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t L\u00e1i xe<\/code> \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t Xe h\u01a1i<\/code>.<\/li>\n
            • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
            • Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp kia.<\/p>\n

              2. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

              T\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Ph\u00f2ng ban<\/code> c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>.<\/li>\n
              • L\u00f4gic:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u00f3a Ph\u00f2ng ban<\/code>, th\u00ec Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
              • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed7ng \u1edf ph\u00eda to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng container qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb b\u00ean trong n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                3. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ‘thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1’, n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0<\/code> c\u00f3 Ph\u00f2ng<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                • L\u00fd do:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u00f3a Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0<\/code>, c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng<\/code> s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/li>\n
                • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u1edf ph\u00eda to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi container c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ranh gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

                  4. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba (T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a)<\/h3>\n

                  K\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. L\u1edbp con l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code> l\u00e0 l\u1edbp cha. Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> v\u00e0 Xe \u0111\u1ea1p<\/code> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con.<\/li>\n
                  • L\u00fd do:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/em> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 si\u00eau l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u. Gi\u1eef cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u1ebf th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                    5. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

                    Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                    • L\u00f4gic:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/code> thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec B\u1ed9 sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n
                    • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ec5 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua tham s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                      S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • 1:<\/strong>Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                      • 0..1:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                      • 1..*:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                      • 0..*:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i logic. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 0..1 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/code> ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00e0o. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 1..* S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code> ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t cho M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh S\u1ea1ch \ud83c\udf1f<\/h2>\n

                        M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00fap h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

                        Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

                        \u0110\u1eebng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                        Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                        \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. L\u1edbp n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. Thao t\u00e1c n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • X\u1ea5u:<\/strong> cust<\/code>, getInfo<\/code>, val<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1ed1t:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>, fetchData<\/code>, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Lu\u1eadt Demeter<\/h3>\n

                          C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                          Xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n chu tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                          Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp B, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp A, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. H\u00e3y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 chu tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trung gian.<\/p>\n

                          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

                          Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 truy c\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra.<\/li>\n
                          • B\u1ecf qua giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n
                          • L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong> \u01afu ti\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
                          • Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1:<\/strong> B\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u0129nh vs. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u0129nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u1edbp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo. H\u00e3y coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Gi\u1eef thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1085,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML trong 15 ph\u00fat \u23f1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[43,45],"class_list":["post-1084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-class-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML trong 15 ph\u00fat \u23f1\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. 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