{"id":1116,"date":"2026-03-29T11:11:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T11:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/definitive-guide-user-story-format-cs-majors\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T11:11:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T11:11:05","slug":"definitive-guide-user-story-format-cs-majors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/definitive-guide-user-story-format-cs-majors\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Chinh X\u00e1c V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecbnh D\u1ea1ng C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng Cho Sinh Vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng Tin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt sang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n sang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Kawaii-style infographic explaining user story format for computer science majors, featuring the 'As a... I want... So that...' template, INVEST model badges, acceptance criteria checklist, and story-to-code workflow in pastel colors with cute vector illustrations\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/user-stories-guide-cs-majors-infographic-kawaii.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83e\udde9 C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Agile \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ngay c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ghi l\u1ea1i <em>ai<\/em>, <em>\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>, v\u00e0 <em>t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thay v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ai:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1i sao:<\/strong>N\u00eau r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tuy k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcdd M\u1eabu C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng Chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eabu n\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/strong> [lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng],<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n<\/strong> [m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3],<br \/>\n<strong>\u0110\u1ec3<\/strong> [m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t [Lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng]:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean? M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch truy c\u1eadp? M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed? C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n [M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3]:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201ct\u1ea3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u201ct\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u POST \u0111\u1ebfn \/upload\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ec3 [L\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3]:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u.\u201d<\/td>\n<td>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a<\/strong>, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n <strong>\u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua email<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng <strong>t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n<\/strong>.\u201d<\/td>\n<td>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt + truy c\u1eadp).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u.\u201d<\/td>\n<td>Qu\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 con c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 coi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh?\u201d Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cnhanh\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cd\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1ea3i trong d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 gi\u00e2y\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng logic Given-When-Then. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cho r\u1eb1ng<\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang \u1edf trang \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khi<\/strong>h\u1ecd nh\u1eadp m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u sai<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00ec<\/strong>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp h\u1ecd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST. T\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>I \u2013 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t trong l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N \u2013 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V \u2013 C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>E \u2013 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S \u2013 Nh\u1ecf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t sprint duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<em>epics<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T \u2013 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh CNTT, c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<strong>Nh\u1ecf<\/strong> v\u00e0<strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcbb Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<em>\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5<em>c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em>n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi hay di chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf API:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\/ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt?<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n:<em>\u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1eafm, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua ch\u00fang sau n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t <code>Gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/code> th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/strong> Tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t <code>POST \/cart\/items<\/code> \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u00fat <em>Th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng<\/em> v\u00e0o trang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1eebng vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0<em>\u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u201d<\/em> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y n\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0<em>\u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>2. B\u1ecf qua m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m b\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 &#8220;<em>\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 cho\u201d<\/em>ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3>3. L\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay v\u00ec<em>\u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh,\u201d<\/em> chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh<em>\u201cTh\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng,\u201d<\/em> <em>\u201cNh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng,\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0<em>\u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>4. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h3>\n<p>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0<em>\u201cL\u00e0m cho nhanh\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0<em>\u201cTh\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 300ms\u201d<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83e\udd1d H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c<strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 C<\/h3>\n<p>Jeff Sutherland, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scrum, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 C cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ebb:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (m\u1eabu).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<strong>Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hi\u1ec3u logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>2. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Poker l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/strong> So s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (NFRs). Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10.000 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 trang web duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. N\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i khi, truy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ghi log \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u khung Agile, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i?<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ecb sai \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng?<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcda T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi &#8216;\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec&#8217; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1eef cho ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ch\u00ednh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 &#8216;\u0110\u00e3 xong&#8217;:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i hai b\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt sang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1117,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh CNTT \ud83d\udcdd","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chu\u1ea9n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh linh ho\u1ea1t.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[43,46],"class_list":["post-1116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-user-story","tag-academic","tag-user-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cho sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh CNTT \ud83d\udcdd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chu\u1ea9n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. 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