{"id":1126,"date":"2026-03-28T19:58:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T19:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/component-breakdown-aggregation-composition-association-class-diagram\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T19:58:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T19:58:44","slug":"component-breakdown-aggregation-composition-association-class-diagram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/component-breakdown-aggregation-composition-association-class-diagram\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Aggregation, Composition v\u00e0 Association"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Khi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Association, Aggregation v\u00e0 Composition quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n mong manh, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ‘li\u00ean k\u1ebft’ gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. Association: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

Association l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u1edbp B, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp A c\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp B. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Association<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Association c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng (m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c hai chi\u1ec1u (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c hai m\u0169i t\u00ean). \u0110\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp A bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp B, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp A.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m \u201c1\u201d, \u201c1..*\u201d (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u), v\u00e0 \u201c0..1\u201d (kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t).<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>Trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh tham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c con tr\u1ecf. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ean vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Association th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i, cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ‘Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng’ c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ‘\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 thanh to\u00e1n’.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \ud83c\udf93<\/h3>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t Sinh vi\u00ean<\/strong>l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong>l\u1edbp. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3n ghi Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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    • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i hai l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Sinh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
    • T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ebfn tham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Association<\/h3>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Association khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Association v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh sau n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      2. Aggregation: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ‘C\u00f3-M\u1ed9t’ \ud83e\uddfa<\/h2>\n

      Aggregation l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Association. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ‘to\u00e0n th\u1ec3-ph\u1ea7n’. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, l\u1edbp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1edbp ph\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Aggregation l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Aggregation<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu y\u1ebfu:<\/strong> \u201cTo\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
      • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng (tr\u1eafng) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cto\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: Khoa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/h3>\n

        H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t Khoa<\/strong>thu th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0<\/strong>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khoa l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu Khoa b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t Khoa kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
        • T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu. Khoa l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra hay h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

          Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn Aggregation v\u1edbi Association \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cto\u00e0n th\u1ec3-b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u201d. Trong Association, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Trong Aggregation, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. H\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

          3. Composition: Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh \ud83d\udd28<\/h2>\n

          Composition l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Association. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Aggregation, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cto\u00e0n th\u1ec3-b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Composition<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh:<\/strong> To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
          • V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
          • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y (\u0111en) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cto\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • Truy c\u1eadp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng \ud83c\udfe0<\/h3>\n

            H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng<\/strong> c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ‘Ph\u00f2ng’ tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ‘Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0’ x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> L\u1edbp House t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Room b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Room kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp House.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Aggregation<\/h3>\n

              T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 Aggregation, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Composition?<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Xe h\u01a1i & \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i b\u1ecb th\u00e1o d\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Aggregation.<\/li>\n
              • Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 & Ph\u00f2ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi t\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Composition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                4. So s\u00e1nh song song \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/th>\nAggregation<\/th>\nComposition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft chung<\/td>\nTo\u00e0n th\u1ec3-Ph\u1ea7n (Y\u1ebfu)<\/td>\nTo\u00e0n th\u1ec3-Ph\u1ea7n (M\u1ea1nh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \/ Chia s\u1ebb<\/td>\nChia s\u1ebb<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed7ng (\u25ca)<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y (\u25c6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\nSinh vi\u00ean \u2013 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>\nKhoa \u2013 Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean<\/td>\nNh\u00e0 \u2013 Ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                5. Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \ud83d\udcbb<\/h2>\n

                Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

                Li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

                Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ebfn tham chi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t con tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
                • Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
                • H\u1ee7y b\u1ecf:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

                  T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con.<\/li>\n
                  • Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha.<\/li>\n
                  • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y:<\/strong>Cha ng\u1eebng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn con, nh\u01b0ng con v\u1eabn \u1edf trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom r\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

                    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng cha t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed3ng nhau.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha.<\/li>\n
                    • Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o b\u00ean trong h\u00e0m t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a cha.<\/li>\n
                    • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y:<\/strong>Khi cha r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi, con s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      6. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u274c<\/h2>\n

                      Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

                      Sai l\u1ea7m 1: L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

                      R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ranh gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u201cPh\u00f2ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201cNg\u00f4i nh\u00e0\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 sang ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i refactoring ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n khi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

                      Sai l\u1ea7m 2: B\u1ecf qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n

                      Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec hai l\u1edbp c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Trong Li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem l\u1edbp B c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp A hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      Sai l\u1ea7m 3: Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cN\u1ebfu cha ch\u1ebft, con c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft theo kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c quan; h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                      Sai l\u1ea7m 4: Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

                      Khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i tr\u00e0n ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1edbp A tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp B, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp B tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp A. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh serial h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                      7. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

                      H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                      H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \ud83c\udfe6<\/h3>\n

                      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n (T\u00edch h\u1ee3p):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ghi T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
                      • Giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n (Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t Giao d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t Giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, c\u00e1c Giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \ud83d\uded2<\/h3>\n

                        H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00ec l\u00fd do ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                        • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a, c\u00e1c M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          8. C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                          \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Li\u00ean k\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, h\u00e3y n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho \u201cPh\u00f2ng-Nh\u00e0\u201d, \u0111\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho \u201cC\u1eeda s\u1ed5-T\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc (1, 0..1, 1..*). M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eadc s\u1ebd g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
                          • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 \u201cM\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cM\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
                          • Xem x\u00e9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            9. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u00fap quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng n\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng \u201cph\u1ea7n\u201d tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u201d.<\/li>\n
                            • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: quy t\u1eafc \u201cON DELETE CASCADE\u201d. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng cha b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

                              10. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 X\u00e1c minh \u2705<\/h2>\n

                              Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                              • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf cha kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m con b\u1ecb s\u1eadp. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem nhi\u1ec1u cha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                              • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y cha c\u0169ng l\u00e0m v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y con. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cha hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                11. Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

                                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tinh ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p, K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd n\u00ean ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bao l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt; ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                                D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Khi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1127,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft, T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udcd0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML. 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