{"id":1176,"date":"2026-03-27T01:01:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T01:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/writing-user-stories-without-tools-manual-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T01:01:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T01:01:08","slug":"writing-user-stories-without-tools-manual-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.method-post.com\/vi\/writing-user-stories-without-tools-manual-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n, b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1ebb ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch trong t\u01b0 duy, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n hay m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udcd6 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n l\u00ean th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap truy\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft tay l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ghi l\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ebb v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udccb C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ebb ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 qu\u00e9t th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

    1. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (Ai)<\/h3>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d. H\u00e3y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cKh\u00e1ch tham quan\u201d hay \u201cTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p\u201d? Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    2. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (L\u00e0m g\u00ec)<\/h3>\n

    M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. N\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea5p cao, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201ct\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201cnh\u1eadp truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL\u201d. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

    3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch (\u0110\u1ec3)<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? N\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u1ec3\u201d k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h4>\n

    Vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai d\u00f2ng. Gi\u1eef cho ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/strong> [Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt],<\/li>\n
    • T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n<\/strong> [H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng],<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ec3<\/strong> [L\u1ee3i \u00edch].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \ud83d\udcdd X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 coi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Khi vi\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, hai k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng Given\/When\/Then<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Given\/When\/Then. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi (BDD). N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
      • Khi:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u00ec:<\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp,\n
            \n
          • Khi h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t,\n
              \n
            • Th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn trang ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/h3>\n

              C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi email sau khi g\u1eedi bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/td>\n\u201cTrang t\u1ea3i trong d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 gi\u00e2y\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Logic kinh doanh<\/td>\nC\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n\u201cChi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean 50 \u0111\u00f4 la\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n\u201cN\u00fat ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9n trang\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \ud83c\udf10 X\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng tay, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST l\u00e0 khung chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n A \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n B, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n B ra.<\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. N\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ‘V\u00ec v\u1eady’ m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft tay gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ra chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

              Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng sprint. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u00e3y chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

              B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft tay bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ‘\u0111\u00e3 xong’.<\/p>\n

              Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra INVEST<\/h3>\n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/th>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/th>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              I<\/td>\nC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              N<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              V<\/td>\nN\u00f3 c\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              E<\/td>\nCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              S<\/td>\nN\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba trong m\u1ed9t sprint kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T<\/td>\nC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\/th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n[ ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \ud83d\udd0d Quy tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n

              Tinh ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Th\u1eadt ra, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ebb xung quanh b\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tinh ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Xem x\u00e9t<\/h3>\n

              Thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m quanh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n l\u1edbn. X\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ebb ra. \u0110\u1ecdc t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n to l\u00ean. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7m. L\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 L\u00e0m G\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Chia t\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, h\u00e3y c\u1eaft n\u00f3. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7t th\u1ebb m\u1edbi ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u1ebb g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ebb g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/h3>\n

              Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ra m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y ri\u00eang. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

              S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ebb theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. D\u00f9ng d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng d\u00ednh tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu Th\u1ebb A ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebb B, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udcc8 C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00ec ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

              Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MoSCoW<\/h3>\n

              M\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u00e0u cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • M \u2013 Ph\u1ea3i C\u00f3:<\/strong>Quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
              • S \u2013 N\u00ean C\u00f3:<\/strong>Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
              • C \u2013 C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 C\u00f3:<\/strong>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
              • W \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                First (WSJF) \u2013 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 l\u00ean th\u1ebb. T\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, sai l\u1ea7m v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                1. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

                \u0110\u1eebng vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, \u201cAPI\u201d hay \u201cbackend\u201d. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trang.<\/p>\n

                2. Thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

                D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n \u201cL\u00e0m m\u1ed9t\u2026\u201d nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0110\u1ec3\u2026\u201d, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi coi th\u1ebb l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                3. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

                Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft n\u0103m \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft. Gi\u1eef th\u1ebb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

                4. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                Vi\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Th\u00eam ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i. \u201cCho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

                5. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

                Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udcbb Chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a sau n\u00e0y<\/h2>\n

                M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd tr\u01a1n tru n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n sao ch\u00e9p n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ebb v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Logic v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\udcdd B\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y th\u1eed b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u00fat.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thanh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang web).<\/li>\n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft ba ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Given\/When\/Then.<\/li>\n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 4:<\/strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh INVEST cho th\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 5:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft ra hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/li>\n
                • B\u01b0\u1edbc 6:<\/strong>Xem l\u1ea1i th\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n “\u0110\u1ec3 M\u00e0”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udcac Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

                  Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                  Khi b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i logic. Ch\u00ednh logic n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng logic c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c thi. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Gi\u1eef c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Gi\u1eef ti\u00eau ch\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udcca T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \/ T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \/ \u0110\u1ec3 m\u00e0.<\/li>\n
                  • Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Given\/When\/Then \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                  • X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra theo INVEST tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t th\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng. 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